Homebrew.
I wanted to install the Ultraviolet gem, which gives you the ability to syntax-highlight code using Textmate syntax files through the Textpow gem. However textpow in turn depends on Oniguruma (a regex engine that happens to be more efficient than Ruby’s built-in version). However, if you install Onigurama you will probably get a bunch of compilation errors and something about not being able to find oniguruma.h. This is because installing the gem only installs the Ruby bindings, but that assumes you already have the Oniguruma header files installed.